How Internet was Developed Brief History of Internet

How Internet was Developed Brief History of Internet:

This word (Internet) brightens many shapes on our psyche. The most important of these is hundreds of thousands of computers and computer networks sharing information. This is the hardware aspect of the Internet. The second aspect is its utility that provides a wide range of services such as email and others, which we will learn later in detail. The second figure comes that each has to do his own work. The government tried to authorize it but it failed.

The surprise is that the Internet is a product of military organization. (Pentagon) The Pentagon’s Advanced Research project Agency (ARPA) funded funding for its creation in 1969 called ARPAnet. The main reason for this was very simple. Develop a reliable computer communication network for military use that can function even after the damage caused by a nuclear attack. This goal is accomplished by dividing the data being sent into small packets so that it can reach its target by a different route. This 'Packet-Switched' network can continue communication even after a nuclear attack, because packets can use another route if one communication route is broken.

The method developed for interconnecting ARPAnet computers and communicating data was called TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet protocol). ARPAnet allowed engineers and scientists working for military organizations to share computers and computer equipment in the United States. The second aspect is that computer scientists developed a medium for the exchange of messages. This quality of e-mail transformed the network into a new communication medium. Initially, ARPAnet was limited to only those organizations and individuals who had US government security and who were working on government contracts. It soon joined the non-governmental, parallel educational network, Usenet News, which arrived in 1979 and soon developed into the Internet. In the 1980s, the US government established five supercomputer centers through its agency, the National Science Foundation (NSF), which became the main nodes of the Internet (Nodes) to connect networks of universities and research laboratories.

The innumerable computers connected to the Internet are spreading wonderfully. By 1983, there were less than 500 host computers, most of which were government labs and educational institutions. The rest of the academic community harnessed the potential of information communication and by 1987 there were approximately 30,000 host computers at various universities and research labs. By 1995, this number had risen to 5 billion.

Internet access was a difficult task in the early 1980s. But apart from this, there was no other way to connect with universities and research labs around the world in such a fast and simple way. So Internet users brought their software to participate in network discussions. They created documents and software libraries on the network that were available to all users. During this time the Internet was confined within the narrow limits of academic and research labs.

In 1980, another computer related incident occurred - Personal Computer became more popular. Earlier, only Mini Computer or Mainframe were used in business. But now it went completely to microcomputers, which are called desktop computers, personal computers or PCs. It is a stand-alone machine that does not have the ability to share data (date and resources). Concept of local area network (LAN) became important to overcome this shortage. Wide area network for large companies. (WAND also came to pass. E-mail became an everyday communication medium with their existence.

As the price of PC came down, more and more people came to computer. These people have been asked to connect their machines to other machines. As a result, on-line services such as Telnet and Compuserve came into existence. For some charges, the user can connect to them, and can communicate with other users on the same service. One can also download the repository of information and software available on them. With these on-line services came the concept of Bulletin Board Service (BBS), which connects a person to the computer in their environment and facilitates the exchange of information and software. Initially, these private networks, both corporate and commercial, had different hardware and software platforms and could not communicate with each other, but soon TCP / IP was used by All these networks, BBD denominations and households, PCs connected to Internet technology in office, TCP / IP were connected to the Internet, which we are seeing in its present form. To connect any network or computer to the Internet, only TCP / IP should be used. So that information can be communicated. In this way, the Internet Network of Networks was created.

In its early stages it was wholly or somewhat controlled by US government agencies, first ARPA then NSF but now it has become a separate, in some ways uncontrolled and global element. Various sources are helpful to its nodes. In the 1980s, the ARPA was reorganized, disbanded and the American Security Network distanced itself from the Internet. Its support by the NSF continued, and until recently, NSF paid to connect computers in educational institutions and government agencies everywhere in the USA to the Internet. Gradually, the NSF ordered commercial networks to be connected to the Internet, initially for teaching and research purposes, but primarily for commercial use. This gradually increased the business use of the Internet, as the commitments also started to loosen. Companies became the main user in 1995. April 1995 dropped out of the NSF scene. And today the US government has no role in operating or maintaining the Internet. It is now self-operating.

Two other major developments are responsible for the rapid expansion of the Internet. First took place at CERN, a European High Energy Physics Lab near Geneva. There in 1990, Physicists created a software for publishing, searching, and receiving information on the Internet, a means for scientists to share documents with their peers sitting far away. It was called the World Wide Web (www).

The second development took place at the University of Illinois, where a student named Marc Andressen created a graphical browser named Mosaic from which information could be obtained from www. Both of the above developments brought the Internet from laboratories into the mainstream of life. In the last year, the development of www was more rapid than the rapid expansion of the Internet. 

Internet is in authority?

Nobody really has the right on the Internet. No single person or organization can control the Internet completely. It is more of an idea than a tangible entity, the Internet rests on a physical infrastructure that connects one network to another. Many such organizations. Corporations, government, schools, private individuals and service providers are those who have authority over some part of this system. But no one community has complete authority over it.