Major Components of Internet, www , Email, Usenet, Telnet, FTP

Components of Internet:

1. World Wide Web:

The World Wide Web (also known as Web or www) is a system of Internet servers that support Hypertext to obtain various Internet protocols on an interface. Almost every type of protocol available on the Internet can be found on the web. Under this, email, FTP, Telnet and Usenet news come. In addition, the World Wide Web has its own protocols such as Hypertext 'Protocol or HTTP, we will read about it later.

The World Wide Web provides only one interface to access all these protocols. this. Provides a simple and user-friendly environment. Now it is not necessary that in all these protocols we are skilled up to the command level. The web collects all of these and creates a system. Because of this quality and because the web is capable of working with multi-media and advanced programming languages, it is the fastest-growing part of the Internet.

All actions on the web depend primarily on hypertext as a means of obtaining information. Hypertext is a document that contains words to connect to other documents. These words are called links and are chosen by the user. A hypertext document can contain links to many documents. In the context of the web, words or graphics serve as links to other documents, images, video and sound. The web is a complex virtual web for connectivity between numerous documents, graphics, video and sound. To create hypertext documents for the web, we have to use HTML (Hypertext Markup Language).

In HTML, tags are placed in the middle of simple text to create document formatting, visual display such as font size, italic or bold and hypertext links. Graphics and multimedia can also be inserted in an HTML document. HTML is a developing language, in which new tags are added to each new version. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), run by Tim Berners Lee, the father of the web, combines efforts to standardize HTML. The W3C now calls it XHTML and considers it an application of XML language rules.

The World Wide Web is made up of files, also known as pages or home pages. And which contains links to documents and tools all over the Internet.

The web provides us with a variety of experiences including multi-media presentations, real-time collaborations, interactive pages, radio and television broadcasts and automatic "push" of information on client computers. Programming languages ​​such as Java, Javascript, Visual Basic, Cold fusion and XML further enhance the capabilities of the web. The information stored on the web is stored by information stored in the database. For this reason, the web is not a permanent element, but is in a state of continuous development.

2. Email:

Electronic Mail or e-mail allows local and computer users around the world to exchange messages. Each user of an e-mail has its own mail box, in which messages are sent. Messages sent by e-mail reach within a few seconds.

An important aspect of e-mail is the option to send electronic files to a person's e-mail address. Non-ASCII files or binary files can also be combined with e-mail messages. These files are called MIME attachment. MIME stands for Multimedia Internet Mail Extension and was developed by e-mail software to help handle various types of files. For example, a document created in Microsoft Word can be associated with an e-mail message, and can also be received by the recipient with the help of an appropriate e-mail program. Many e-mail programs such as Eudora, Netscape Messenger and Microsoft Outlook allow to read files written in HTML which is itself a type of MIME.

3.  Telnet:

It is a program that allows logging in on computers on the Internet, and provides on-line databases, chat services, library catalogs and more. Telnet session only contains text and not graphics. To login on a computer, it is necessary to know its address. It can be made up of words (Locis.loc.gov) or number (140.147.254.3). For some services, our remote computer needs to be connected on a specific port. In this case, also type the port number after the Internet address. Example - Telnetnri.reston.va.us 185.

Telnet is available on the World Wide Web. Of course, the most public wedge-based tool available by telnet is library catalogs, while most catalogs have gone on the web. The link established for telnet looks the same as any other link, but it launches the telnet session to establish the connection. For this task, it is necessary to install telnet program on the local computer and also configure it on the web browser.

With the increasing popularity of the web, Telnet is less used to receive information over the Internet.

4. FTP:

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. It is both a program and a method used to transfer files between computers. FTP is an option that allows users to transfer files from thousands of host computers on the Internet to their personal computers. FTP sites include books, articles, software, games, images, sound, multi-media, course work, data sets and more.

If your computer is directly connected to the Internet via ethernet cable, you can use WS_FTP for file transfer for many PC software programs such as Windows. FTP transfer can be done on the World Wide Web without any specific software. In this case the web browser is sufficient. Whenever you download software from web site on your locale machine, you are using FTP. You can also find FTP files through search engines, such as FTP Find, located at http://www.ftpfind.com/. This option is the simplest because it does not require knowing FTP program commands.

5.  E-mail discussion group:

- One utility of the Internet is that it allows people worldwide to communicate by e-mail. The Internet is home to a particular community of people, who arrange active discussion on topic-centered forums distributed by e-mail. These are operated by software programs. Of course the most important program is listserv.

Listservs cover a wide variety of subjects, most of them teaching-related. When you subscribe on the list server, the messages are sent to your email box by another subscriber. You can subscribe to a list server by sending an e-mail message to a computer program. The list server is located on computer networks worldwide. This program collects the information related to the subscription and performs the task of sending and receiving messages to the subscriber. To participate in the list server discussion group, you must have an e-mail account. To see an example of a site providing a searchable collection of email discussion groups, visit Tile.net at htpp: //file.net/. Majordomo and List proc are two other programs that operate the e-mail discussion group. Commands list is the same as serve for subscribing and your list membership.

 6. Usenet News:

Usenet News is an international electronic bulletin board system on which billions of computer users worldwide can exchange information on thousands of topics. The major difference between Usenet News and E-mail discussion groups is that Usenet messages are protected on a central computer and users have to connect to these computers to read and download the messages posted on these groups. This is different from e-mail delivery, in which messages arrive in the electronic mail box of each list member.

Usenet itself is a group of machines that exchange messages and articles from the Usenet Discussion Forum, called Newsgroup. Usenet managers control their site and consider which newsgroups to sponsor and which remote newsgroups are allowed to enter the system.

Today thousands of Usenet newsgroups exist. Many of them are education related, and many newsgroups are organized on entertaining topics. Usenet discussion also includes computer related work. A very small number of e-mail discussion groups are also functioning like Usenet groups.

Usenet newsfeed can be read through various types of newsreader software programs. For example, Netscape suite comes with a newsreader program called Messenger. The newsreader is also available as a stand alone product. Chat and Instant Messaging:

The chat program allows Internet users to interact in real-time by typing. It is sometimes included as a property of the web site itself. Where users can log in to "chat room" and exchange messages and information on the topics displayed by the site. There can also be extended forms of chat eg, America Online is known for providing its numerous topical chat forms.

Internet relay chat is a service through which users can chat among themselves from anywhere in thousands of channels. These channels are usually based on specific topics. But if some subjects are meaningless, then necessary topics are discussed. To access IRC, it is necessary to use an IRC software program.

The second type of chat is called Instant Messaging. In this, the user can chat on the web by typing with another user who is logged in. The most famous is Instant Messenger of America Online. ICQ, MSN, and Yahoo also feature their chat programs.