WHAT IS ROM, RAM, Bits, Bytes ,Disk Storage and Virtual Memory

WHAT IS ROM:

The full form of ROM is Read Only Memory This is a computer memory chip that contains permanent or semi-permanent programs store. ROM is non-volatile. ROM contents are not deleted even after shutting down the computer.

Almost every computer has a little ROM which has boot firmware. It has enough information, so that the computer checks its hardware and loads the operating system into RAM. The boot firmware in a PC is called BIOS. Actually, ROM was 'read only'. To update ROM programs, people have to change or remove physical ROM chips. Some versions of ROM offer the possibility of change. So, we can usually upgrade firmware such as BIOS by installing software. There are many types of rewritable ROM chips such as PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory), EPROM (erasable read-only memory), EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read only memory) and flash memory.

WHAT IS RAM:

The full form of RAM is Random Access Memory, RAM is the place. Where your computer stores the temporary operating system application program and current data, so that the computer's processor can reach it quickly and easily. When people talk about your computer memory, it is mostly said to be RAM which is volatile. Volatile here means that whatever is in the RAM will end after the computer is turned off.

Desktop computers usually have 16 or more Mb of RAM. If you use a graphic application, then your memory will be 32 or 64 Mb. Most personal are designed in such a way that the user can put more than one RAM on their motherboard.

If you add RAM to your computer, you reduce the need for the processor to read data from the hard disk repeatedly. (Virtual memory), This makes your computer run even faster. RAM is also volatile. It needs constant electricity, so that the data in RAM is stored as long as the computer is running. As soon as you shut down the computer you will lose the data inside your RAM.

When your computer is turned on again, your computer's boot firmware reads the operating system and files from disk by reading instructions stored in ROM chips and loading them back into RAM. Different parts of RAM in a personal computer may be more or less accessible.

Difference between memory and disk storage:

Both memory and disk storage represent the internal storage space of the computer. When people talk of "memory", they mean to store data on chips such that people usually call it "disk space" or "storage" to refer to the storage space of the RAM disk.

the computer has less memory than disk space. A desktop computer may have 32 or 64 MB of RAM. But its hard disk can store 4 to 80 GB of data.

Virtual memory is a disk space designed to act like RAM. In a personal computer, different parts of RAM can be more or less accessible for programs that are based on executable files of MS-DOS. Read "differences between various kinds of memory" for more information.

Computers also always have a small amount of ROM which stores permanent or semi-permanent firmware, so that hardware can be checked when the computer is started. In personal computer it is called BIOS. 

What is Virtual Memory:

Virtual memory is a way in which the RAM of a computer is increased through software. By finding and using available disk space, the operating system swaps data between the hard disk and physical memory.

The benefit of doing this to the user is that large application programs can be loaded. More applications can be opened at one time, and programs have a lot of space to store data.

The disadvantage of virtual memory is that the system operation slows down and it is forced into the free disk space of the memory system. Virtual memory is used in all large operating systems. Such as UNIX, VMS, MACINTOSH SYSTEM T.X., MS WINDOWS, WINDOW NT, AND OS / 2.

What is KILO BYTE:

The smallest data unit of a computer is a single binary digit (a bit), but computers generally do not work on a single bit. They work on a group of 8 bit. Each such group is called a byte. The symbol K means Kilobytes and represents 1 0.00. It works by displaying storage capacity in bytes. There are 1024 units in 1 K or Kilobyte, so if the main memory of the computer is 500K byte then it can store 500x1024 bytes (512,000 bytes).

 What is Megabyte (MB):

.. One MB contains 1,048,576 (1.024x1024) bytes, not One Million bytes. This odd number is because the computer works on binary (base two) math and not on the decimal (base ten) system.

An byte space is required to store 8 bits, an ASCII character. Computer storage and memory are measured in megabytes (MB).

We count in base 10 by powers of 10:

10^1 = 10 ,

10^2 = 10*10 = 100 ,

10^3 = 10*10*10 = 1000 ,

10^6 = 1,000,000,

Computers count by base 2:

2^1 = 2 ,

2^2 = 2*2 = 4, 

2^3 = 2*2*2 = 8, 

2^10 = 1024 ,

2^20 = 1,048,576,

So, in computer terms:

1 kilobyte (KB)= 1024 bytes

1 megabyte (MB)= 1,048,576 bytes

1gigabyte (GB)= 1,073,741,824 bytes.

What is bit:

Bit is a binary digit. A bit can store only one value, or 1, because bits are very small, so people do very little work on a bit. A byte is formed by mixing in a group of 8 of bits. A byte has enough space to store a character like "h".

WHAT IS A BYTE:

Byte short form is "binary term". A single byte is made up of a group of 8 bits and has the ability to store a character.